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Month: February 2026

Lamentations and the Trinity

Lamentations and the Trinity

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Greek translation of Lamentations 1:1–1:11 in the Codex Sinaiticus

The relatively short five chapter Old Testament Bible book isn’t used very much these days. In fact, many Christians are unaware that the book even exists, and even many of those who are aware, would struggle to find its place in the Bible. This is ironic, because an older song often sung in Christian Church services, weddings and funerals, “Great Is Thy Faithfulness”, is based on Lamentations 3:22-23. Yahweh, the Most High God, is mentioned a number of times, Jesus Christ is possibly referred once, and the holy Spirit isn’t mentioned at all in this relatively short book. We’ll examine its contents thoroughly to see whether we find evidence for, or against, the Trinity doctrine. Is the Trinity doctrine in Lamentations? read more

John 1:1

John 1:1

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There is some controversy as to how should John 1:1 be translated. Trinitarians often use the verse to support their contention that Jesus is the eternal Almighty God.

The traditional rendering in English is:

In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God.

There are many other variations of rendering John 1:1 which are more accurate according to the Greek text, both in translation or paraphrase, John 1:1c also exist:

  • 1808: “and the Word was a god” – Thomas Belsham The New Testament, in an Improved Version, Upon the Basis of Archbishop Newcome‘s New Translation: With a Corrected Text, London.
  • 1822: “and the Word was a god” – The New Testament in Greek and English (A. Kneeland, 1822.)
  • 1829: “and the Word was a god” – The Monotessaron; or, The Gospel History According to the Four Evangelists (J. S. Thompson, 1829)
  • 1863: “and the Word was a god” – A Literal Translation of the New Testament (Herman Heinfetter [Pseudonym of Frederick Parker], 1863)
  • 1864: “and a god was the Word” – The Emphatic Diaglott by Benjamin Wilson, New York and London (left hand column interlinear reading)
  • 1879: “and the Word was a god” – Das Evangelium nach Johannes (J. Becker, 1979)
  • 1885: “and the Word was a god” – Concise Commentary on The Holy Bible (R. Young, 1885)
  • 1911: “and [a] God was the word” – The Coptic Version of the New Testament in the Southern Dialect, by George William Horner.[17]
  • 1924: “the Logos was divine” – The Bible: James Moffatt Translation, by James Moffatt.
  • 1935: “and the Word was divine” – The Bible: An American Translation, by John M. P. Smith and Edgar J. Goodspeed, Chicago.[19]
  • 1955: “so the Word was divine” – The Authentic New Testament, by Hugh J. Schonfield, Aberdeen.
  • 1958: “and the Word was a god” – The New Testament of Our Lord and Saviour Jesus Anointed (J. L. Tomanec, 1958)
  • 1970, 1989: “and what God was, the Word was” – The New English Bible and The Revised English Bible.
  • 1975 “and a god (or, of a divine kind) was the Word” – Das Evangelium nach Johnnes, by Siegfried Schulz, Göttingen, Germany
  • 1975: “and the Word was a god” – Das Evangelium nach Johannes (S. Schulz, 1975);
  • 1978: “and godlike sort was the Logos” – Das Evangelium nach Johannes, by Johannes Schneider, Berlin
  • 1985: “So the Word was divine” – The Original New Testament, by Hugh J. Schonfield.
  • 1998: “and what God was the Word also was” – This translation follows Professor Francis J. Moloney, The Gospel of John, ed. Daniel J. Harrington.
  • 2017: “and the Logos was god” – The New Testament: A Translation, by David Bentley Hart.

GREEK ANALYSIS

“Jn 1:1 should rigorously be translated ‘the word was with the God [= the Father], and the word was a divine being'” (Dictionary of the Bible, 1965, by scholar John L McKenzie, S J). read more

Did Moses Write the Torah, or Pentateuch? – Why It Matters

Did Moses Write the Torah, or Pentateuch? – Why It Matters

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An opened Torah scroll (Book of Genesis part).

Many modern “scholars” believe the first five books of the Bible, called the Torah, or Pentateuch, written after the exile, that is, after 586 BCE, while the older Jewish and Christian view is that Moses wrote it. Did Moses write the Torah, or Pentateuch? Why does it even matter?

The Torah was originally one scroll when originally written in ancient Hebrew, which had no written vowels. The reader would supply the vowel sounds, and people would listen when it was publicly read by the priests so they could learn the correct pronunciations. Later, in the 3rd century BCE, when the Torah was translated into Greek, which had written vowels, it became necessary to divide the Torah into five parts, which came to be called, Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, and Deuteronomy. From this the name Pentateuch was used to describe these five books, which were originally only one scroll in the ancient Hebrew. In any case, the entire Torah, or Pentateuch, is often referred to in the scriptures as, “the Law”, “the Law of Moses”, or sometimes, as just “Moses”. read more

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