Persian Empire Archives - Bible Authenticity

Alexander the Great Predicted in Bible 200 Years in Advance

September 4, 2023 BibleAuthenticity Comments 0 Comment

Is the Bible reliable? — The Bible accurately predicted details of Alexander the Great 200 years in advance.

Critics assert that accurate predictive prophecy is impossible. However, Alexander the Great was predicted in the Bible 200 years in advance.

“Alexander of Macedon son of Philip . . . defeated Darius king of the Persians and Medes, whom he succeeded as ruler, as first of Helias. He undertook many campaigns, gained possession of many fortresses . . . So he advanced to the ends of the earth, plundering nation after nation; the earth grew silent before him, and his ambitious heart swelled with pride. He assembled very powerful forces and subdued provinces, nations and princes, and they became his tributaries . . . Alexander had reigned twelve years when he died”—1 Maccabees 1:1-7 NJB read more

The Book of Esther – History or Fiction?

July 12, 2015 BibleAuthenticity Comments 0 Comment

The book of Esther is viewed today by a majority of scholars as non-historical. Yet the story itself is recounted candidly, and there is nothing within it to suggest that it is fictional. Miracles or other “impossible” occurrences are totally absent. Critical scholars are bothered, however, by seeming exaggerations, perceived inaccuracies, and certain omissions, such as:

The length of the 180-day feast (Esther 1:1-4) seems excessive.

The six months of perfuming with oil, and the additional six months of beautifying with spices (Esther 2:12) seem extreme.

The book claims that there were 127 Persian provinces (Esther 1:1), while the historian Herodotus speaks of only 20.

The notion of a Persian decree being irrevocable (Esther 1:19; Esther 8:8) is regarded as doubtful—but see Daniel 6.

Planning for a massacre of Jews almost a year in advance (Esther 3:8-15) strikes critical scholars as unlikely.

It seems too coincidental that Haman would turn out to be a descendant of Agag the Amalekite, the enemy of Israel, whom Saul failed to execute in obedience to Yahweh’s direction through Samuel (Esther 3:1; see 1 Samuel 15).

Contrary to the Biblical account, Herodotus identified Xerxes’ queen as Amestris, not Vashti.

Although the names Mordecai and that of Haman’s son Parshandatha (Esther 9:7) are attested elsewhere during the Persian period, Xerxes is the only indisputable historical figure in the book.

Archaeological data from the Persian period has not specifically confirmed the story’s historicity.

It is the only Old Testament book: (1) in which neither “God,” nor his name “Yahweh,” are specifically mentioned; (2) no manuscript copies have been found among the Dead Sea Scrolls. Another factor is that the book is not quoted in the New Testament.

Things important to the ancient Jews, such as the Law, sacrifice, and the Temple in Jerusalem are not mentioned.

Esther is often read as a satire addressing the needs of Jews outside of the Holy Land. Yet these challenges, though not insignificant, are not, in fact, as overwhelming as they might first appear: