Macro-Evolution Theory Upset by ‘Revived 46,000 Year Old Worm’

Macro-Evolution Theory Upset by ‘Revived 46,000 Year Old Worm’

Bacteria
Macro-evolution theory is revised frequently as result of new discoveries

Macro-evolution theory is the gradual change from one species to another over that is asserted to take place long periods of time. But why does the the theory of Macro-evolution constantly get revised? Scientists report they have revived an ancient worm, and have discovered that, “some processes of evolution are deeply conserved,” as reported in a CNN ARTICLE, of July 28,2023. Here is the article:

“Scientists have revived a worm that was frozen 46,000 years ago — at a time when woolly mammoths, sabre-toothed tigers and giant elks still roamed the Earth.

The roundworm, of a previously unknown species, survived 40 meters (131.2 feet) below the surface in the Siberian permafrost in a dormant state known as cryptobiosis, according to Teymuras Kurzchalia, professor emeritus at the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics in Dresden and one of the scientists involved in the research.

Scientists have revived a ‘zombie’ virus that spent 48,500 years frozen in permafrost
Organisms in a cryptobiotic state can endure the complete absence of water or oxygen and withstand high temperatures, as well as freezing or extremely salty conditions. They remain in a state “between death and life,” in which their metabolic rates decrease to an undetectable level, Kurzchalia explained.

“One can halt life and then start it from the beginning. This a major finding,” he said, adding that other organisms previously revived from this state had survived for decades rather than millennia.

Five years ago, scientists from the Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science in Russia found two roundworm species in the Siberian permafrost.

One of the researchers, Anastasia Shatilovich, revived two of the worms at the institute by simply rehydrating them with water, before taking around 100 worms to labs in Germany for further analysis, transporting them in her pocket.

After thawing the worms, the scientists used radiocarbon analysis of the plant material in the sample to establish that the deposits had not been thawed since between 45,839 and 47,769 years ago.

But still, they didn’t know whether the worm was a known species. Eventually, genetic analysis conducted by scientists in Dresden and Cologne showed that these worms belonged to a novel species, which researchers named Panagrolaimus kolymaenis.

Researchers also found that the P. kolymaenis shared with C. elegans — another organism often used in scientific studies — “a molecular toolkit” that could allow it to survive cryptobiosis. Both organisms produce a sugar called trehalose, possibly enabling them to endure freezing and dehydration.

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“To see that the same biochemical pathway is used in a species which is 200, 300 million years away, that’s really striking,” said Philipp Schiffer, research group leader of the Institute of Zoology at the University of Cologne and one of the scientists involved in the study. “It means that some processes in evolution are deeply conserved.”

And, Schiffer added, there are other actionable insights which can be gleaned by studying these organisms.

“By looking at and analyzing these animals, we can maybe inform conservation biology, or maybe even develop efforts to protect other species, or at least learn what to do to protect them in these extreme conditions that we have now,” he told CNN.”
 

In the CNN article above, “Philipp Schiffer, research group leader of the Institute of Zoology at the University of Cologne”, admits: “It means that some processes in evolution are deeply conserved.” This newly discovered and revived 46,000 year old worm is more evidence that the Darwinian theory of Macro-Evolution is deeply flawed, and does not fit the facts. This 46,000 year-old worm is much like worms in existence today, indicating that Darwinism, or Macro-Evolution, does not happen, and has never happened. 

Genesis chapter 1 tells us that “God created” each type of life “according to their kinds” (Genesis 1:12,21,24,25 NIV), and reproduction would be “according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11 NIV). The fossil record supports this, and so do finds like the one documented in the CNN article above. Worms are still worms. There is no proof whatsoever of any Macro-evolution; that is, the evolutionary change to any “higher” creatures.

The Bible cannot be proved wrong, because it is “the word of God” (1 Thessalonians 2:13)!

21 thoughts on “Macro-Evolution Theory Upset by ‘Revived 46,000 Year Old Worm’

  1. “Organisms in a cryptobiotic state can endure the complete absence of water or oxygen and withstand high temperatures, as well as freezing or extremely salty conditions. They remain in a state “between death and life,” in which their metabolic rates decrease to an undetectable level, Kurzchalia explained.”

    GW: Maybe Jesus never died and if placed in the tomb just stayed for awhile in a low functioning state. But I don’t think the tomb was cold enough for this to happen.

    ““One can halt life and then start it from the beginning. This a major finding,” he said,…”
    GW: Now the spokesperson seems to be contradicting himself. First he implies that life was not halted and then he says life was halted. He can’t have it both ways.

    “This newly discovered and revived 46,000 year old worm is more evidence that the Darwinian theory of Macro-Evolution is deeply flawed, and does not fit the facts “
    GW: This is a thinking error known as a “non sequitur.” The conclusion does not follow from the premises. A worm which is frozen but still alive at a low level of functioning cannot evolve.

    1. The point is: “This 46,000 year-old worm is much like worms in existence today, indicating that Macro-Evolution did not happen.” There are many worms in existence today. There is zero evidence of Macro-Evolution. All available evidence indicates that each “kind” reproduces only “according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11,12, 21,24,25 NIV).

      1. BA: The point is: “This 46,000 year-old worm is much like worms in existence today, indicating that Macro-Evolution did not happen.”

        GW: False. Evolution, including what some religious people call “macro-evolution,” is a fact. There are many species which have not evolved much over thousands or millions of years, and yet others have.

        BA: There are many worms in existence today.

        GW: Of course there are! So what? There are many bacteria in existence today, and some of their species have evolved little or not at all since the beginning of life on Earth. This hardly means that other species have not evolved.

        BA: There is zero evidence of Macro-Evolution.

        GW: False. There is overwhelming evidence of evolution, including what some religious people call “macro-evolution.”

        BA: All available evidence indicates that each “kind” reproduces only “according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11,12, 21,24,25 NIV).

        GW: But the kinds evolve! For example, you belong to a species, i.e. homo sapiens sapiens, which evolved from a species which was one-celled and which existed about 3.5 billion years ago.

        GW: Consider this argument:
        1. Evolution is a fact of the universe and the Earth.
        2. If God did exist and he wrote, dictated, or influenced the Bible, then the Bible would give at least a short description of evolution.
        3. The Bible does not even mention evolution.
        4. Therefore, either God does not exist or the Bible is not the “word of God” or both.
        5. Both are true: God does not exist AND the Bible is not the “word of God.”
        The truth shall set you free! Free from falsehoods, lies, delusions, and superstitions.

        1. No one disputes Micro-Evolution (variation within “kinds” [Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25]), but there is zero evidence of Macro-Evolution. The Bible does not mention Macro-Evolution, because it doesn’t exist. It is NOT a fact. It is a myth, perpetrated by ‘suppression of “the truth’ (Romans 1:18 NIV).
          We challenge you to name name even one one-celled creature and document its evolutionary ascent to human. You can’t do it. No one can!

          1. BA: No one disputes Micro-Evolution (variation within “kinds” [Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25]),…

            GW: Biologists don’t use the concept of “kinds.” The Bible says nothing about evolution which is much more than “variation in kinds.” The distinction between macro vs. micro evolution, which some Christian apologists make, is merely a distinction between evolution over long vs. short periods of time. The evolution process works the same over time.

            BA: but there is zero evidence of Macro-Evolution.

            GW: False. It is just evolution over a long period of time, and there is overwhelming evidence for it. I recommend these two books to you:
            Why Evolution is True by Jerry Coyne
            The Greatest Show on Earth: The Evidence for Evolution by Richard Dawkins

            BA: The Bible does not mention Macro-Evolution, because it doesn’t exist.

            GW: The Bible does not mention evolution at all! But it would, if it were the word of God.

            BA: It is NOT a fact.

            GW: Evolution is a fact. I hate to burst your bubble, but your remote ancestor was a single celled micro-organism. Get over it! Join us in the 21st century.

            BA: It is a myth, perpetrated by ‘suppression of “the truth’ (Romans 1:18 NIV).

            GW: Evolution is a well accepted fact. It has been proven to be true beyond any reasonable doubt. You are the one suppressing the truth. In fact, you are spreading disinformation about evolution, like Donald Trump spreads disinformation about the 2020 election.

            BA: We challenge you to name name even one one-celled creature and document its evolutionary ascent to human. You can’t do it. No one can!

            GW: Why should I accept your challenge when you have been evading my challenge for over a year? You are violating the ethics of “fair play.” We repeat our challenge here: Read, study, discuss and debate with me my Holocaust argument. Identify what you believe to be any errors in it. I have just improved the argument. Here is the newest version:
            The Two-Way Argument Against the Existence of God Based on the Holocaust: By Gary Whittenberger, 1-29-2023, 7-13-2023, 7-29-2023
            1. Definition: God is 1) the hypothetical, unique, supernatural, independent, spiritual, normally invisible person, intelligent agent, or sentient entity. He is OMNI lasting (eternal), present, knowing, powerful, intelligent, rational, creative, and resilient (invincible). He is also OMNI loving, compassionate, and moral with respect to other persons. He fills the roles of cosmos designer and producer (creator), occasional interventionist in the world, and afterlife manager who decides the favorable or unfavorable disposition of human souls after they die. or 2) the greatest imaginable possible person (the “GIPPer”) who, if he existed, would possess all desirable traits to their highest degrees and no undesirable traits, and who would be worthy of our greatest respect, admiration, and worship.
            2. If God did exist, because of his nature he would attempt to prevent the Holocaust and he would succeed. Consequently, there would be no Holocaust.
            3. There are specific morally justified reasons for some persons to allow a harm such as the Holocaust to occur, but God would not have any of them; none would be available to him.
            A. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they did not know that the Holocaust was going to occur. But this could not be a reason for God since he would be all-knowing.
            B. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they did not have the power to prevent it or immediately stop it. But this could not be a reason for God since he would be all-powerful.
            C. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they knew that somebody else was in the process of preventing it and they were likely to succeed. But this could not be a reason for God since he would know about the Holocaust ready to happen before anyone else would know since he would be all-knowing. Also, God would know that a successful prevention of the Holocaust by human beings was very unlikely. (Note that there were at least 15 attempts to assassinate Hitler and they were all unsuccessful.)
            D. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they would have been killed in an attempt to prevent or stop it. But this could not be a reason for God since he would be invulnerable, all-powerful, and eternal.
            E. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they would have been significantly injured in an attempt to prevent or stop it. But this could not be a reason for God since he would be invulnerable and all-powerful.
            F. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they would have significantly suffered in an attempt to prevent or stop it. But this could not be a reason for God since he would be invulnerable and all-powerful.
            G. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because allowing it would be necessary for them to prevent some greater harm than the Holocaust. But this could not be a reason for God since nothing at all would be necessary for him to allow in order to prevent some greater harm since he would be all-powerful. God would have dominion over all necessities and natural laws.
            H. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because allowing it would be necessary for them to produce a benefit which outweighed the Holocaust. But this could not be a reason for God since nothing at all would be necessary for him to allow in order to produce some benefit that would outweigh the Holocaust since he would be all-powerful. God would have dominion over all necessities and natural laws.
            I. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because it resulted in perfect punishments for all the victims for their past immoral behaviors. But the Holocaust did not have the features of perfect punishments for all victims. For example, it lacked advance rule declaration, administration by proper authority, individualized proportional severity, and the least severity effective for all victims. Since the Holocaust harms did not exhibit the features of perfect punishments for all victims, the harms could not have been punishments from God. Hitler thought that annihilation of the Jewish people would be a morally justified and deserved punishment. He was wrong, and God would never agree with him on this point.
            J. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust if they pre-arranged for all potential victims to experience benefits after the Holocaust which were logically contingent on the harms (e.g. care, character development, criminal justice, and compensation), which outweighed any harms from the Holocaust, and which occurred in life on Earth. But after the Holocaust, a substantial proportion of the victims received no logically contingent benefits and for most of them who did, the benefits were outweighed by the harms. And so, God would have had no involvement with this.
            K. Other persons might justly allow the Holocaust because they acquired the advance informed consent of all potential victims to experience the harms of the Holocaust in exchange for assured consequent benefits. But there is no good evidence that such consent was acquired by anyone, even God, from any victim.
            4. The Holocaust did occur.
            5. Therefore, God does not and cannot exist.
            6. Furthermore, if any tribunal is investigating or evaluating the occurrence of any horrible harm to a group of persons, then anyone who has knowledge of any detail related to that occurrence should offer or present their testimony about what they know. Every person knowledgeable of the occurrence has a moral duty to come forward to the tribunal and testify to what they know, telling the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
            7. The Nuremberg Trials constituted a tribunal investigating or evaluating the occurrence of the Holocaust.
            8. And so, if God did exist, because he would be both omni-powerful and omni- moral, then at the Nuremberg Trials he would have testified as a witness, sworn to tell “the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help me myself,” and this truth would have included any reasons for allowing the Holocaust.
            9. But God did not testify at the Nuremberg Trials.
            10. Once again, therefore, God does not and cannot exist.

            GW: I hope for the day when this proof is presented in classes in public schools. It won’t happen in my lifetime, but probably will happen within the next 500 years. Wouldn’t that be great?

          2. If Macro-evolution is just Micro-evolution over a long period of time, as you claim, produce proof of it.
            If humans evolved from a one-celled creature, which one was it? Show proof of your claim.
            Your assertions are simply speculations without any supporting evidence.
            You cannot falsify reproduction “according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25).
            Your “Emperor has no clothes.”

  2. BA: If Macro-evolution is just Micro-evolution over a long period of time, as you claim, produce proof of it.

    GW: If my Holocaust argument is incorrect, as you claim, then identify and explain an error in it. You won’t. You can’t. So all you can do is evade it, as you have done once again even after I presented the recent edition of it to you in my last post.

    BA: If humans evolved from a one-celled creature, which one was it? Show proof of your claim.

    GW: “The earliest known life forms on Earth are believed to be fossilized microorganisms found in hydrothermal vent precipitates, considered to be about 3.42 billion years old.”
    “3.465-billion-year-old Australian Apex chert rocks may once have contained microorganisms, the earliest fossil evidence of life on Earth.[8][9] Microbial mat fossils have been found in 3.48 billion-year-old sandstone in Western Australia.[54][55][56][57] Evidence of biogenic graphite,[58] and possibly stromatolites,[59][60][61] were discovered in 3.7 billion-year-old metasedimentary rocks in southwestern Greenland. Potential “remains of life” were found in 4.1 billion-year-old rocks in Western Australia.[62] “Putative filamentous microfossils”, possibly of methanogens and/or methanotrophs, that lived about 3.42-billion-year-old in “a paleo-subseafloor hydrothermal vein system of the Barberton greenstone belt, have been identified in South Africa.”[1][63]”
    “Fossilized microorganisms (microfossils) have been found in hydrothermal vent precipitates from an ancient sea-bed in the Nuvvuagittuq Belt of Quebec, Canada. These may be as old as 4.28 billion years, the oldest evidence of life on Earth, suggesting “an almost instantaneous emergence of life” after ocean formation 4.41 billion years ago.”
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms
    There you go.

    BA: Your assertions are simply speculations without any supporting evidence.

    GW: False. The evidence for evolution is overwhelming.

    BA: You cannot falsify reproduction “according to their various kinds” (Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25).

    GW: In the process of evolution organisms of a given species will produce offspring which are mostly like the parent or parents. However, by accident or chance, some of the offspring are different in their DNA, body structures, processes, and behaviors. These changes in DNA are known as “mutations.” Mutations are either detrimental, beneficial, or neutral. Those organisms with detrimental mutations usually die sooner and produce less offspring themselves than do the organisms with beneficial, neutral, or no mutations. This process is repeated in a population until after many generations the offspring are so different from their ancestors that a new species has been produced. This process has been going on for at least 3.5 billion years on the Earth, and this is basically how you evolved from a one-celled micro-organism.

    BA: Your “Emperor has no clothes.”

    GW: God has no existence.

    1. “Believed to be.” “May once have contained microorganisms.” “Potential ‘remains of life’ were found.” Typical of Macro-evolution mythology. Speculations are all they’ve got. “God made foolish the wisdom of the world” (1 Corinthians 1:20 NIV).
      “An almost instantaneous emergence of life.” Yes, indeed! Even Macro-evolutionists inadvertently are admitting the Bible is right. “The Lord God Almighty . . . created all things” (Revelation 4:8,11).
      You have now asserted the “mutations” Macro-evolutionary myth. Yes, mutations occur, but there is no evidence of Macro-evolutionary advances based on mutations. For example, bacteria are still bacteria, even after millions of generations, worms are still worms, oak trees are still oak trees, dogs are still dogs, etc.
      Zero documented evidence of any lower creatures evolving into humans (Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25).

      1. BA: “Believed to be.” “May once have contained microorganisms.” “Potential ‘remains of life’ were found.” Typical of Macro-evolution mythology. Speculations are all they’ve got.

        GW: Nobody yet knows how life began on Earth. There are several legitimate hypotheses. It is appropriate in this case to use words like “believe,” “may,” and “potential.” Nothing wrong with that.

        BA: “God made foolish the wisdom of the world” (1 Corinthians 1:20 NIV).

        GW: God doesn’t exist, and this has been proven by many arguments, including my own Holocaust argument, which you continue to evade.

        BA: “An almost instantaneous emergence of life.” Yes, indeed!

        GW: If abiogenesis is true, there would have been a single first event in history in which complex nonorganic molecules combined by “natural law” to form a single living organism.

        BA: Even Macro-evolutionists inadvertently are admitting the Bible is right.

        GW: False. Scientists don’t consult the Bible when doing science.

        BA: “The Lord God Almighty . . . created all things” (Revelation 4:8,11).

        GW: False. God doesn’t exist, and this has been proven by many arguments, including my Holocaust argument, which you continue to evade.

        BA: You have now asserted the “mutations” Macro-evolutionary myth.

        GW: Evolution is a fact. If Genesis were the word of God, it would have cited evolution. It didn’t. Therefore, Genesis is not the word of God. (Of course it couldn’t be anyway since God does not exist. Duh.)

        BA: Yes, mutations occur, but there is no evidence of Macro-evolutionary advances based on mutations.

        GW: Ok, you are making progress towards accepting evolution since you now acknowledge mutations. Keep studying and you will accept the entire theory.

        BA: For example, bacteria are still bacteria, even after millions of generations, worms are still worms, oak trees are still oak trees, dogs are still dogs, etc.

        GW: All of those species have evolved, but some populations of those species evolved to new species. Some population of bacteria evolved to become the human species through a long chain of evolution over billions of years.

        BA: Zero documented evidence of any lower creatures evolving into humans (Genesis 1:11,12,21,24,25).

        GW: I don’t know why you cite the Bible here. It has no mention of evolution. I already suggested two excellent books on the subject to you.

        GW: You belong to a minority Christian sect which does not accept evolution. I suggest you follow the lead of people like Dr. Francis Collins who is an evangelical Christian, a world renown scientist, and advocate for evolution. Read his book – The Language of God. It will open your mind, maybe.

        1. “Some population of bacteria evolved to become the human species”, you claim. . . . Utterly preposterous! . . . Just one little problem with your assertion . . . there is no evidence of any such thing actually occurring.

          1. BA: “Some population of bacteria evolved to become the human species”, you claim. . . . Utterly preposterous!

            GW: No, it is very rational. What is preposterous is that God created all species all at once or over six days out of nothing!

            BA: Just one little problem with your assertion . . . there is no evidence of any such thing actually occurring.

            GW: If there were no evidence to back up my assertion, then that wouldn’t be “one little problem.” Instead, it would be one very great problem. But there is much evidence to back up the hypothesis that the human species evolved from a bacteria species which existed roughly 3.5 billion years ago. On the other hand, you make the ridiculous claim that God created all species all at once or over six days out of nothing! We know that can’t be true because God does not exist. This has been proven by many arguments, including my own Holocaust argument, which you continue to evade. Why do you evade it? We know why.

            GW: You are in a small Christian minority which continues to deny evolution.

          2. The Hebrew word “yohm” (“day” in English) can mean a solar day of 24 hours, or a period of daylight between dawn and dusk, or an indefinitely long period of time.
            The creation of the universe and the primitive earth are briefly described in Genesis 1:1,2, prior to the final formation and creation of life on earth.
            The six creative day time periods in Genesis 1:3-31 are summed up as one “day” (“yohm”) time period in Genesis 2:4.
            Thus, there is no contradiction between science’s estimate of the 13.7 billion-year old unverse, including the earth’s 4.5 billion year age, and the Bible.

  3. BA: The Hebrew word “yohm” (“day” in English) can mean a solar day of 24 hours, or a period of daylight between dawn and dusk, or an indefinitely long period of time.

    GW: Well, that is possible. So, suppose we have two competing hypotheses: 1) The author of the relevant creation story in Genesis meant a period of 24 hours for a day, i.e. a literal day, or 2) The author meant a period of millions of years for a day, or a figurative day. I think the first is much more likely than the latter. But even if he meant the latter, the timing of the stages of creation does not match the scientific record. So, the story is inaccurate with either interpretation. Either the Bible is not the word of God or God does not exist or both. It is actually both.

    BA: The creation of the universe and the primitive earth are briefly described in Genesis 1:1,2, prior to the final formation and creation of life on earth.

    GW: Yes, this narrative conflicts with the scientific record.

    BA: The six creative day time periods in Genesis 1:3-31 are summed up as one “day” (“yohm”) time period in Genesis 2:4.

    GW: See above.

    BA: Thus, there is no contradiction between science’s estimate of the 13.7 billion-year old unverse, including the earth’s 4.5 billion year age, and the Bible.

    GW: False. The two explanations are contradictory. See above.

    1. The Genesis creation account lists 10 major stages of development, and is in harmony with science, in this order:
      1. A beginning
      2. A primitive earth in darkness and enshrouded in heavy gasses and water
      3. Light
      4. An expanse of atmosphere
      5. Large areas of dry land
      6. Land plants
      7. Sun, moon and stars discernible in the expansion, and seasons beginning
      8. Large sea creatures and flying creatures
      9. Wild and tame land creatures. mammals
      10. Humans
      The chances of getting this order of events right on the first try are 1 in 3,628,000.
      Did the Genesis writer win the lottery, by getting this right?—Hardly! He must have been “inspired by God” (2 Timothy 3:16 NJB).

      1. BA: The Genesis creation account lists 10 major stages of development, and is in harmony with science, in this order:

        GW: False. The Genesis creation account lists six major stages of development, each accomplished in one day. And the account is not in harmony with science.

        BA: 1. A beginning

        GW: A beginning of what? A beginning from nothing or from some pre-existing material, substance, or objects?

        BA: 2. A primitive earth in darkness and enshrouded in heavy gasses and water

        GW: Partly false. You cannot “enshroud” the earth in water. Quote and cite the verse which you believe mentions that the earth was “enshrouded in heavy gasses.”

        BA: 3. Light

        GW: Yes, light is mentioned.

        BA: 4. An expanse of atmosphere

        GW: Not sure if I agree with this. Please quote and cite the verse you are thinking of.

        BA: 5. Large areas of dry land

        GW: Ok, that seems likely.

        BA: 6. Land plants.

        GW: Plants are mentioned.

        BA: 7. Sun, moon and stars discernible in the expansion, and seasons beginning

        GW: Seasons? Please quote and cite the verse for seasons.

        BA: 8. Large sea creatures and flying creatures

        GW: How large? According to science flying creatures came long after sea creatures.

        BA: 9. Wild and tame land creatures. mammals

        GW: False. There would have been no domesticated animals before humans.

        BA: 10. Humans

        GW: Humans are mentioned and we exist.

        BA: The chances of getting this order of events right on the first try are 1 in 3,628,000.

        GW: How did you come up with this silly calculation?

        BA: Did the Genesis writer win the lottery, by getting this right?—Hardly! He must have been “inspired by God” (2 Timothy 3:16 NJB).

        GW: Nope. We’ve already been over this. I gave you four good reasons why the Bible is not and cannot be the word of God.

        GW: So, now I’ll give you may analysis.

        NIV: 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth. 2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.
        GW: It doesn’t say if God created the heavens and the earth out of nothing or something. If this were God’s book, he would have stated one or the other. The earth was never “formless and empty.” The earth was always spherical in form and always had something on it. If God were hovering over the waters, then this means that God would exist in space-time.

        NIV: 3 And God said, “Let there be light,” and there was light. 4 God saw that the light was good, and he separated the light from the darkness. 5 God called the light “day,” and the darkness he called “night.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the first day.
        GW: This implies that God created light (really photons) out of nothing! You and I already agreed that this would be impossible. Something cannot come from nothing! I understand that a day includes a morning, an afternoon, an evening, and a night, but why does the author mention a morning following an evening in the same day? Makes no sense. Anyway, on the First Day and First Stage: light, day, and night.

        NIV: 6 And God said, “Let there be a vault between the waters to separate water from water.” 7 So God made the vault and separated the water under the vault from the water above it. And it was so. 8 God called the vault “sky.” And there was evening, and there was morning—the second day.

        GW: A vault? What the hell does that mean? Oh, he means the sky as the vault. In this depiction there is water above the sky and this idea is contradicted by science. Above the sky is outer space which the author did not understand. The clouds in the sky might produce rain, but there is not water ABOVE the sky. Anyway, on the Second Day and Second Stage: the sky separating the water above and below it.

        NIV: 9 And God said, “Let the water under the sky be gathered to one place, and let dry ground appear.” And it was so. 10 God called the dry ground “land,” and the gathered waters he called “seas.” And God saw that it was good. 11 Then God said, “Let the land produce vegetation: seed-bearing plants and trees on the land that bear fruit with seed in it, according to their various kinds.” And it was so. 12 The land produced vegetation: plants bearing seed according to their kinds and trees bearing fruit with seed in it according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 13 And there was evening, and there was morning—the third day.

        GW: This implies that there was already ground present among the waters below the sky and God merely arranged for the ground to appear. I wonder how he would do that. Did he cause some of the water to evaporate or disappear? Did he raise up the level of the ground to the level of the water? Strange. The author alleges that on this third day God created land seed-bearing vegetation and makes no mention of any prior creation of animal or plant life in the seas, or any creation of one-celled organisms. This is in complete contradiction to science. Anyway, on the Third Day and Third Stage: seed-bearing plants.

        NIV: 14 And God said, “Let there be lights in the vault of the sky to separate the day from the night, and let them serve as signs to mark sacred times, and days and years, 15 and let them be lights in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth.” And it was so. 16 God made two great lights—the greater light to govern the day and the lesser light to govern the night. He also made the stars. 17 God set them in the vault of the sky to give light on the earth, 18 to govern the day and the night, and to separate light from darkness. And God saw that it was good. 19 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fourth day.

        GW: These lights could have been the stars, our sun, and our moon. Our sun would have marked the day, and the stars and our moon would have marked the night. These lights were to be used to mark time. Seasons per se are not mentioned. This contradicts the order of science. The stars, sun, and moon would all have been present before seed-bearing vegetation on the land or before any life at all. Also, the author already presented the concepts of morning, evening, and day BEFORE he mentioned the sun. This makes no sense at all. Anyway: on the Fourth Day and Fourth Stage: stars, sun, moon, day and night.

        NIV: 20 And God said, “Let the water teem with living creatures, and let birds fly above the earth across the vault of the sky.” 21 So God created the great creatures of the sea and every living thing with which the water teems and that moves about in it, according to their kinds, and every winged bird according to its kind. And God saw that it was good. 22 God blessed them and said, “Be fruitful and increase in number and fill the water in the seas, and let the birds increase on the earth.” 23 And there was evening, and there was morning—the fifth day.

        GW: According to science the sea creatures came long before birds. And in the seas single-celled organisms came long before multi-celled organisms. Genesis cannot be the word of God. There are so many contradictions with science. Anyway, on the Fifth Day and Fifth Stage: sea organisms and birds.

        NIV: 24 And God said, “Let the land produce living creatures according to their kinds: the livestock, the creatures that move along the ground, and the wild animals, each according to its kind.” And it was so. 25 God made the wild animals according to their kinds, the livestock according to their kinds, and all the creatures that move along the ground according to their kinds. And God saw that it was good. 26 Then God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and over all the creatures that move along the ground.”…31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day.

        GW: According to science livestock or domesticated animals came long after wild animals and after humans. Different kinds of animals were not produced all at once, but they evolved over time. Humans also evolved from other wild animals. Anyway, on the Sixth Day and Sixth Stage: wild animals, livestock, and humans.

        NIV: Genesis 2:1: Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all their vast array. 2 By the seventh day God had finished the work he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3 Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he rested from all the work of creating that he had done.

        GW: Thus the six stages of creation were completed. God rested? Oh, give me a break! God would not need rest. He would be all-powerful.

        GW: If God did exist, he would not create in six stages over six days. Instead, because he would be all-powerful he would just create everything in a second or less. So, the author of Genesis doesn’t know what he is talking about.

        GW: In conclusion, your paraphrasing of, your interpretations of, and your conclusions about the creation story in Genesis are greatly mistaken. The story never even mentions the Big Bang, evolution, or micro-organisms. The order of the appearance of things in the story contradicts the order which we know from physics, cosmology, geology, and biology. It is obvious that Genesis was written by a fallible human being and was not written, dictated, or influenced by God. If God had been involved, there would be no mistakes or serious omissions in the story, but there are. And besides, we now know that God doesn’t even exist! The Bible is a joke!

        1. The early earth enshrouded in heavy gases and water—“In the beginning, when God created the universe, the earth was formless and desolate. The raging waters that covered everything was engulfed in total darkness and the power of God was moving over the water” (Genesis 1:1,2 GNB). “It was I who covered the sea with clouds and wrapped it in darkness” (Job 38:9 GNB).

          1. An expanse of atmosphere—“God said, ‘Let there be an expanse in the midst of the waters, and let it separate the waters from the waters. And God made the expanse and separated the waters that were under the expanse from the waters that were above the expanse. And so it was” (Genesis 1:6,7 ESV).

        2. Seasons—“Then God said, ‘Let lights appear in the sky to separate the day from the night. Let them be signs to mark the seasons days and years . . . ‘ God made the two great lights–the larger one to govern the day and the smaller one to govern the night. He also made the stars” (Genesis 1:14-16 NLT).

        3. God’s “rest.”—“He blessed the seventh day and set it apart as a special day, because by that day he had completed his creation and stopped working” (Genesis 2:3 GNB). God wasn’t “tired” . “He created all the world. He never grows tired or weary” (Isaiah 40:28 GNB).

          1. GW: I will comment on all three of your recent responses in one post.

            BA: The early earth enshrouded in heavy gases and water—“In the beginning, when God created the universe, the earth was formless and desolate. The raging waters that covered everything was engulfed in total darkness and the power of God was moving over the water” (Genesis 1:1,2 GNB).

            GW: I don’t use the GNB, and you cherry pick your versions. There is no reference to “enshrouded in gasses” in that verse.

            BA: “It was I who covered the sea with clouds and wrapped it in darkness” (Job 38:9 GNB).

            GW: Job is not the official creation story of the Bible. Genesis is. Clouds are not heavy gases.

            GW: Besides, God does not exist. This has been proven by my Holocaust argument in which you have found no error, so far.

            BA: Seasons—“Then God said, ‘Let lights appear in the sky to separate the day from the night. Let them be signs to mark the seasons days and years . . . ‘ God made the two great lights–the larger one to govern the day and the smaller one to govern the night. He also made the stars” (Genesis 1:14-16 NLT).

            GW: I don’t use the GNB, and you cherry pick your versions. “Seasons” were not mentioned in the verses of the Genesis I recently presented to you. You see, this is the problem with so many versions of the Bible. They differ in their words and their meanings. If God did exist, there would be only one holy book and it would be the one which God himself distributed at the end of his oral communication to all of humanity, as I have previously described to you.

            BA: God’s “rest.”—“He blessed the seventh day and set it apart as a special day, because by that day he had completed his creation and stopped working” (Genesis 2:3 GNB). God wasn’t “tired” . “He created all the world. He never grows tired or weary” (Isaiah 40:28 GNB).

            GW: The verses I cited to you said that God rested. But if God did exist, he would have created everything in less than a second and he would not have rested. God would continue to act throughout eternity. You lack a proper understanding of the concept of God. Please remember that by definition, God would be all-powerful and perfectly moral. And because of this he would have prevented the Holocaust.

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